F-22型猛禽

The F-22 program is developing the next-generation air superiority fighter for the Air Force to counter emerging worldwide threats.
歼22计画正在研制新一代空中优势战斗机的空军对付新兴的世界性威胁.

It is designed to penetrate enemy airspace and achieve a first-look, first-kill capability against multiple targets.
它的设计是深入敌方领空,达到一看,先杀死能力对付多个目标.
The F-22 is characterized by a low-observable, highly maneuverable airframe; advanced integrated avionics; and aerodynamic performance allowing supersonic cruise without afterburner.
歼22的特点是低看得见,高机动性机身;先进的综合航空电子系统;与动力表现让超音速巡航无加力.

Stealth : Greatly increases survivability and lethality by denying the enemy critical information required to successfully attack the F-22
隐形:大大提高生存能力和致命的否定对方需要的重要信息,为成功地攻击的F-22

Integrated Avionics : Allows F-22 pilots unprecedented awareness of enemy forces through the fusion of on- and off-board information
航空电子综合:允许的F-22飞行员前所未有意识敌军通过融合于农业和非议会资料

 

Supercruise : Enhances weapons effectiveness; allows rapid transit through the battlespace; reduces the enemy’s time to counter attacksupercruise:
提高武器效能;允许捷运经过的战场;降低敌人的一次反击

The F-22's engine is expected to be the first to provide the ability to fly faster than the speed of sound for an extended period of time without the high fuel consumption characteristic of aircraft that use afterburners to achieve supersonic speeds.

歼-22的引擎可望成为第一家提供飞行的能力较快的速度健全了较长时期的高耗油特点的飞机,使用后将达到超音速.

It is expected to provide high performance and high fuel efficiency at slower speeds as well.
它可望提供高性能和高燃油效率较慢的速度等.

For its primary air-to-air role, the F-22 will carry six AIM-120C and two AIM-9 missiles.
其主要空空的作用,其F-22将陆续发表六篇目标-120c和两个目标-9导弹.

For its air-to-ground role, the F-22 can internally carry two 1,000 pound-class Joint Direct Attack Munitions (JDAM), two AIM-120C, and two AIM-9 missiles.
其空对地的角色,F-22型国内能携带两个1000磅级的联合直接攻击弹药(jdam),两个目标-120c,和两个目标-9导弹.

With the Global Positioning System-guided JDAM, the F-22 will have an adverse weather capability to supplement the F-117 (and later the Joint Strike Fighter) for air-to-ground missions after achieving air dominance.
随着全球定位系统制导jdam,的F-22将有恶劣天气的能力为补充的F-117(以及后来的联合攻击战斗机)空对地代表团成员在取得空中优势.

The F-22's combat configuration is "clean", that is, with all armament carried internally and with no external stores.
歼-22的战斗配置,是"干净",即与所有装备进行内部以及与外界没有商店.

This is an important factor in the F-22's stealth characteristics, and it improves the fighter's aerodynamics by dramatically reducing drag, which, in turn, improves the F-22's range.
这是一个重要的因素,到F-22的隐身特点,而且可提高飞机的空气动力学的急剧减少阻力,从而改善了F-22型的射程.

The F-22 has four under wing hardpoints, each capable of carrying 5,000 pounds.
歼-22有四个机翼下hardpoints,每个可携带5000磅.

A single pylon design, which features forward and aft sway braces, an aft pivot, electrical connections, and fuel and air connections, is used.
单塔设计的,其特点是前进和背荡荡背带,背一个支点,电气连接,燃料和空气连接器.

 

Either a 600-gallon fuel tank or two LAU-128/A missile launchers can be attached to the bottom of the pylon, depending on the mission.
要么是600加仑油箱或两个lau-128/a导弹发射器可以连接到下方的杆上,依靠使命.

There are two basic external configurations for the F-22:有两个基本外部配置的F-22:
Four 600 gallon fuel tanks, no external weapons: This configuration is used when the aircraft is being ferried and extra range is needed.
4600加仑燃料箱,任何外部武器:这项配置是用来当飞机正在ferried和额外的各种需要.

A BRU-47/A rack is used on each pylon to hold the external tanks.
一bru-47/a机架是用在每个塔举行的外部坦克.

Two 600 gallon fuel tanks, four missiles: This configuration is used after air dominance in a battle area has been secured, and extra loiter time and firepower is required for Combat Air Patrol (CAP).
两个600加仑燃油,4枚导弹:这项配置是用来在空优作战区已有着落,外游荡的时间和火力,是需要战斗空中巡逻(CAP)的.

The external fuel tanks, held by a BRU-47/A rack are carried on the inboard stations, while a pylon fitted with two LAU-128/A rail launchers is fitted to each of the outboard stations.
外部燃料箱,由一名bru-47/a齿条进行了inboard站而一杆上装有两个lau-128/a轨道发射装置每舷外车站.

An all-missile external loadout (two missiles on each of the stations) is possible and would not be difficult technically to integrate, but the Air Force has not stated a requirement for this configuration.
全弹外部装车(两枚导弹就每站)是可能的,而且不会有技术困难整合,但空军并未要求这种配置.

Prior to its selection as winner of what was then known as the Advanced Tactical Fighter (ATF) competition, the F-22 team conducted a 54-month demonstration/ validation (dem/val) program.
此前甄选赢家当时被称作先进战术战斗机(atf)的比赛,歼-22队进行了54个演示/验证(马克/val)程序.

The effort involved the design, construction and flight testing of two YF-22 prototype aircraft.
努力参与设计,建造和飞行试验两yf-22原型机.

Two prototype engines, the Pratt & Whitney YF119 and General Electric YF120, also were developed and tested during the program.
两个原型引擎,惠特尼yf119和通用电气yf120,还分别制定和测试期间的计划.

The dem/val program was completed in December 1990.
机电/val计划是完成1990年12月.

Much of that work was performed at Boeing in Seattle, Lockheed (now known as Lockheed Martin) facilities in Burbank, Calif., and at General Dynamics' Fort Worth, Texas, facilities (now known as Lockheed Martin Tactical Aircraft Systems).
大部分的工作是在波音公司在西雅图,洛克希德公司(现名为洛克希德马丁公司)的设施burbank,加利福尼亚州,并在通用动力公司的沃斯堡,得克萨斯州的设施(现名为洛克希德马丁公司战术飞机系统).

The prototypes were assembled in Lockheed's Palmdale, Calif., facility and made their maiden flight from there.
原型者聚集在洛克希德公司的帕姆代尔,calif.设施和做出自己的处女航.

Since that time Lockheed's program management and aircraft assembly operations have moved to Marietta, Ga., for the EMD and production phases.The F-22 passed milestone II in 1991.
自那时洛克希德公司的计划管理和飞机装配业务迁往marietta,ga.,为EMD和生产阶段. 的F-22通过二碑于1991年

At that time, the Air Force planned to acquire 648 F-22 operational aircraft at a cost of $86.6 billion.
当时,空军计划购买648架22作战飞机,造价约866亿元.

After the Bottom Up Review, completed by DOD in September 1993, the planned quantity of F-22s was reduced to 442 at an estimated cost of $71.6 billion.
经过自下而上的审查,完成了由国防部在1993年9计划数量架F-22减为442的费用估计达716亿美元.

A $9.55 billion contract for Engineering and Manufacturing Development (EMD) of the F-22 was awarded to the industry team of Boeing and Lockheed Martin in August 1991.
耗资9.55亿美元的合同,为工程和制造发展(EMD)法中的F-22被授予业队波音公司和洛克希德-马丁公司在1991年8月.

Contract changes since then have elevated the contract value to approximately $11 billion.
合同变化自此有架空的合同价值大约为110亿美元.

Under terms of the contract, the F-22 team will complete the design of the aircraft, produce production tooling for the program, and build and test nine flightworthy and two ground-test aircraft.
根据合约的规定,使用的F-22队将完成设计的飞机,制作模具制作的节目,并建造和测试9flightworthy和两个地面试验机.

 

A Joint Estimate Team was chartered in June 1996 to review the F-22 program cost and schedule.
一个联合小组的估计是渣打在1996年6月,检讨的F-22方案的成本和日程.

JET concluded that the F-22 engineering and manufacturing development program would require additional time and funding to reduce risk before the F-22 enters production.
喷气结论的F-22的工程和制造开发计划将需要更多的时间和资金,以减少风险,然后使用的F-22进入生产.

JET estimated that the development cost would increase by about $1.45 billion.
喷气估计,开发成本将增加约1.45亿美元.

Also, JET concluded that F-22 production cost could grow by about $13 billion (from $48 billion to $61 billion) unless offset by various cost avoidance actions.
另外,喷气结论认为,F-22型生产成本可能增加约130亿美元(从48亿美元增加到61亿美元),除非抵消通过各种成本撤销行动.

As a result of the JET review the program was restructured, requiring an additional $2.2 billion be added to the EMD budget and 12 months be added to the schedule to ensure the achievement of a producible, affordable design prior to entering production.
由于射流的审查程序进行了调整,需要额外的220亿美元增加至emd预算和12个被列入附表确保实现了producible负担的设计,然后才进入生产.

The program restructure allowed sourcing within F-22 program funds by deleting the three pre-production aircraft and slowing the production ramp.
节目重整获准在采购F-22型计画资金删去3前期制作飞机和放慢生产坡道.

Potential for cost growth in production was contained within current budget estimate through cost reduction initiatives formalized in a government/industry memorandum of agreement.
潜在的成本生产增长则控制在目前的财政预算,通过降低成本的措施,正式在政府/产业协议备忘录.

The Defense Acquisition Board principals reviewed the restructured program strategy and on February 11, 1997 the Defense Acquisition Executive issued an Acquisition Defense Memorandum approving the strategy.
国防部采购局校长回顾了改组计划和策略2月11日1997年国防采办长官发出了收购备忘录,国防部批准策略.

The Quadrennial Defense Review Reportwhich was released in mid-May 1997, reduced the F-22 overall production quantity from 438 to 339, slowed the Low Rate Initial Production ramp from 70 to 58, and reduced the maximum production rate from 48 to 36 aircraft per year.
四年防务审查reportwhich发表在5月中旬,减少的F-22整体生产量从438到339,减慢率低,初始生产匝道从1970年至1958年,并减少了最大产率,从1948年至1936年,每架一年.

The F-22 EMD program marked a successful first flight on September 7,
1997.歼-22分解项目,标志着首次成功飞行于1997年9月7日.

The flight test program, which has already begun in Marietta, Georgia, will continue at Edwards AFB, California through the year 2001.
试飞计画,已开始在marietta,格鲁吉亚将继续在edwardsafb,加州到2001年.

Low rate production is scheduled to begin in FY99.
率低,产量预计开始试办.

The aircraft production rate will gradually increase to 36 aircraft per year in FY 2004, and will continue that rate until all 339 aircraft have been built (projected to be complete in 2013).
飞机产量将逐渐增加至36架飞机每年在1997年2004年并将继续保持这种速度,直到所有339飞机均已建成(预计可完成在2013年).

Initial Operational Capability of one operational squadron is slated for December 2005.
初始作战能力的一种业务中队,预定2005年12月.

The F-15 fleet is experiencing problems with avionics parts obsolescence, and the average age of the fleet will be more than 30 years when the last F-22 is delivered in 2013.
F-15的舰队面临的问题是航空电子零件库存,而平均车龄将超过30年,当最后的F-22交付2013.

But the current inventory of F-15s can be economically maintained in a structurally sound condition until 2015 or later.
但目前库存的F-15型飞机在经济上能够维持一个稳健的状态,直到2015年或稍后.

None of the 918 F-15s that were in the inventory in July 1992 will begin to exceed their expected economic service lives until 2014.
轰轰烈烈的918F-15型飞机都在清查1992年7月将开始超过其预期经济服务生活,直到2014年.

F-22型猛禽

The F-22 program is developing the next-generation air superiority fighter for the Air Force to counter emerging worldwide threats.
歼22计画正在研制新一代空中优势战斗机的空军对付新兴的世界性威胁.

It is designed to penetrate enemy airspace and achieve a first-look, first-kill capability against multiple targets.
它的设计是深入敌方领空,达到一看,先杀死能力对付多个目标.
The F-22 is characterized by a low-observable, highly maneuverable airframe; advanced integrated avionics; and aerodynamic performance allowing supersonic cruise without afterburner.
歼22的特点是低看得见,高机动性机身;先进的综合航空电子系统;与动力表现让超音速巡航无加力.

Stealth : Greatly increases survivability and lethality by denying the enemy critical information required to successfully attack the F-22
隐形:大大提高生存能力和致命的否定对方需要的重要信息,为成功地攻击的F-22

Integrated Avionics : Allows F-22 pilots unprecedented awareness of enemy forces through the fusion of on- and off-board information
航空电子综合:允许的F-22飞行员前所未有意识敌军通过融合于农业和非议会资料

 

Supercruise : Enhances weapons effectiveness; allows rapid transit through the battlespace; reduces the enemy’s time to counter attacksupercruise:
提高武器效能;允许捷运经过的战场;降低敌人的一次反击

The F-22's engine is expected to be the first to provide the ability to fly faster than the speed of sound for an extended period of time without the high fuel consumption characteristic of aircraft that use afterburners to achieve supersonic speeds.

歼-22的引擎可望成为第一家提供飞行的能力较快的速度健全了较长时期的高耗油特点的飞机,使用后将达到超音速.

It is expected to provide high performance and high fuel efficiency at slower speeds as well.
它可望提供高性能和高燃油效率较慢的速度等.

For its primary air-to-air role, the F-22 will carry six AIM-120C and two AIM-9 missiles.
其主要空空的作用,其F-22将陆续发表六篇目标-120c和两个目标-9导弹.

For its air-to-ground role, the F-22 can internally carry two 1,000 pound-class Joint Direct Attack Munitions (JDAM), two AIM-120C, and two AIM-9 missiles.
其空对地的角色,F-22型国内能携带两个1000磅级的联合直接攻击弹药(jdam),两个目标-120c,和两个目标-9导弹.

With the Global Positioning System-guided JDAM, the F-22 will have an adverse weather capability to supplement the F-117 (and later the Joint Strike Fighter) for air-to-ground missions after achieving air dominance.
随着全球定位系统制导jdam,的F-22将有恶劣天气的能力为补充的F-117(以及后来的联合攻击战斗机)空对地代表团成员在取得空中优势.

The F-22's combat configuration is "clean", that is, with all armament carried internally and with no external stores.
歼-22的战斗配置,是"干净",即与所有装备进行内部以及与外界没有商店.

This is an important factor in the F-22's stealth characteristics, and it improves the fighter's aerodynamics by dramatically reducing drag, which, in turn, improves the F-22's range.
这是一个重要的因素,到F-22的隐身特点,而且可提高飞机的空气动力学的急剧减少阻力,从而改善了F-22型的射程.

The F-22 has four under wing hardpoints, each capable of carrying 5,000 pounds.
歼-22有四个机翼下hardpoints,每个可携带5000磅.

A single pylon design, which features forward and aft sway braces, an aft pivot, electrical connections, and fuel and air connections, is used.
单塔设计的,其特点是前进和背荡荡背带,背一个支点,电气连接,燃料和空气连接器.

 

Either a 600-gallon fuel tank or two LAU-128/A missile launchers can be attached to the bottom of the pylon, depending on the mission.
要么是600加仑油箱或两个lau-128/a导弹发射器可以连接到下方的杆上,依靠使命.

There are two basic external configurations for the F-22:有两个基本外部配置的F-22:
Four 600 gallon fuel tanks, no external weapons: This configuration is used when the aircraft is being ferried and extra range is needed.
4600加仑燃料箱,任何外部武器:这项配置是用来当飞机正在ferried和额外的各种需要.

A BRU-47/A rack is used on each pylon to hold the external tanks.
一bru-47/a机架是用在每个塔举行的外部坦克.

Two 600 gallon fuel tanks, four missiles: This configuration is used after air dominance in a battle area has been secured, and extra loiter time and firepower is required for Combat Air Patrol (CAP).
两个600加仑燃油,4枚导弹:这项配置是用来在空优作战区已有着落,外游荡的时间和火力,是需要战斗空中巡逻(CAP)的.

The external fuel tanks, held by a BRU-47/A rack are carried on the inboard stations, while a pylon fitted with two LAU-128/A rail launchers is fitted to each of the outboard stations.
外部燃料箱,由一名bru-47/a齿条进行了inboard站而一杆上装有两个lau-128/a轨道发射装置每舷外车站.

An all-missile external loadout (two missiles on each of the stations) is possible and would not be difficult technically to integrate, but the Air Force has not stated a requirement for this configuration.
全弹外部装车(两枚导弹就每站)是可能的,而且不会有技术困难整合,但空军并未要求这种配置.

Prior to its selection as winner of what was then known as the Advanced Tactical Fighter (ATF) competition, the F-22 team conducted a 54-month demonstration/ validation (dem/val) program.
此前甄选赢家当时被称作先进战术战斗机(atf)的比赛,歼-22队进行了54个演示/验证(马克/val)程序.

The effort involved the design, construction and flight testing of two YF-22 prototype aircraft.
努力参与设计,建造和飞行试验两yf-22原型机.

Two prototype engines, the Pratt & Whitney YF119 and General Electric YF120, also were developed and tested during the program.
两个原型引擎,惠特尼yf119和通用电气yf120,还分别制定和测试期间的计划.

The dem/val program was completed in December 1990.
机电/val计划是完成1990年12月.

Much of that work was performed at Boeing in Seattle, Lockheed (now known as Lockheed Martin) facilities in Burbank, Calif., and at General Dynamics' Fort Worth, Texas, facilities (now known as Lockheed Martin Tactical Aircraft Systems).
大部分的工作是在波音公司在西雅图,洛克希德公司(现名为洛克希德马丁公司)的设施burbank,加利福尼亚州,并在通用动力公司的沃斯堡,得克萨斯州的设施(现名为洛克希德马丁公司战术飞机系统).

The prototypes were assembled in Lockheed's Palmdale, Calif., facility and made their maiden flight from there.
原型者聚集在洛克希德公司的帕姆代尔,calif.设施和做出自己的处女航.

Since that time Lockheed's program management and aircraft assembly operations have moved to Marietta, Ga., for the EMD and production phases.The F-22 passed milestone II in 1991.
自那时洛克希德公司的计划管理和飞机装配业务迁往marietta,ga.,为EMD和生产阶段. 的F-22通过二碑于1991年

At that time, the Air Force planned to acquire 648 F-22 operational aircraft at a cost of $86.6 billion.
当时,空军计划购买648架22作战飞机,造价约866亿元.

After the Bottom Up Review, completed by DOD in September 1993, the planned quantity of F-22s was reduced to 442 at an estimated cost of $71.6 billion.
经过自下而上的审查,完成了由国防部在1993年9计划数量架F-22减为442的费用估计达716亿美元.

A $9.55 billion contract for Engineering and Manufacturing Development (EMD) of the F-22 was awarded to the industry team of Boeing and Lockheed Martin in August 1991.
耗资9.55亿美元的合同,为工程和制造发展(EMD)法中的F-22被授予业队波音公司和洛克希德-马丁公司在1991年8月.

Contract changes since then have elevated the contract value to approximately $11 billion.
合同变化自此有架空的合同价值大约为110亿美元.

Under terms of the contract, the F-22 team will complete the design of the aircraft, produce production tooling for the program, and build and test nine flightworthy and two ground-test aircraft.
根据合约的规定,使用的F-22队将完成设计的飞机,制作模具制作的节目,并建造和测试9flightworthy和两个地面试验机.

 

A Joint Estimate Team was chartered in June 1996 to review the F-22 program cost and schedule.
一个联合小组的估计是渣打在1996年6月,检讨的F-22方案的成本和日程.

JET concluded that the F-22 engineering and manufacturing development program would require additional time and funding to reduce risk before the F-22 enters production.
喷气结论的F-22的工程和制造开发计划将需要更多的时间和资金,以减少风险,然后使用的F-22进入生产.

JET estimated that the development cost would increase by about $1.45 billion.
喷气估计,开发成本将增加约1.45亿美元.

Also, JET concluded that F-22 production cost could grow by about $13 billion (from $48 billion to $61 billion) unless offset by various cost avoidance actions.
另外,喷气结论认为,F-22型生产成本可能增加约130亿美元(从48亿美元增加到61亿美元),除非抵消通过各种成本撤销行动.

As a result of the JET review the program was restructured, requiring an additional $2.2 billion be added to the EMD budget and 12 months be added to the schedule to ensure the achievement of a producible, affordable design prior to entering production.
由于射流的审查程序进行了调整,需要额外的220亿美元增加至emd预算和12个被列入附表确保实现了producible负担的设计,然后才进入生产.

The program restructure allowed sourcing within F-22 program funds by deleting the three pre-production aircraft and slowing the production ramp.
节目重整获准在采购F-22型计画资金删去3前期制作飞机和放慢生产坡道.

Potential for cost growth in production was contained within current budget estimate through cost reduction initiatives formalized in a government/industry memorandum of agreement.
潜在的成本生产增长则控制在目前的财政预算,通过降低成本的措施,正式在政府/产业协议备忘录.

The Defense Acquisition Board principals reviewed the restructured program strategy and on February 11, 1997 the Defense Acquisition Executive issued an Acquisition Defense Memorandum approving the strategy.
国防部采购局校长回顾了改组计划和策略2月11日1997年国防采办长官发出了收购备忘录,国防部批准策略.

The Quadrennial Defense Review Reportwhich was released in mid-May 1997, reduced the F-22 overall production quantity from 438 to 339, slowed the Low Rate Initial Production ramp from 70 to 58, and reduced the maximum production rate from 48 to 36 aircraft per year.
四年防务审查reportwhich发表在5月中旬,减少的F-22整体生产量从438到339,减慢率低,初始生产匝道从1970年至1958年,并减少了最大产率,从1948年至1936年,每架一年.

The F-22 EMD program marked a successful first flight on September 7,
1997.歼-22分解项目,标志着首次成功飞行于1997年9月7日.

The flight test program, which has already begun in Marietta, Georgia, will continue at Edwards AFB, California through the year 2001.
试飞计画,已开始在marietta,格鲁吉亚将继续在edwardsafb,加州到2001年.

Low rate production is scheduled to begin in FY99.
率低,产量预计开始试办.

The aircraft production rate will gradually increase to 36 aircraft per year in FY 2004, and will continue that rate until all 339 aircraft have been built (projected to be complete in 2013).
飞机产量将逐渐增加至36架飞机每年在1997年2004年并将继续保持这种速度,直到所有339飞机均已建成(预计可完成在2013年).

Initial Operational Capability of one operational squadron is slated for December 2005.
初始作战能力的一种业务中队,预定2005年12月.

The F-15 fleet is experiencing problems with avionics parts obsolescence, and the average age of the fleet will be more than 30 years when the last F-22 is delivered in 2013.
F-15的舰队面临的问题是航空电子零件库存,而平均车龄将超过30年,当最后的F-22交付2013.

But the current inventory of F-15s can be economically maintained in a structurally sound condition until 2015 or later.
但目前库存的F-15型飞机在经济上能够维持一个稳健的状态,直到2015年或稍后.

None of the 918 F-15s that were in the inventory in July 1992 will begin to exceed their expected economic service lives until 2014.
轰轰烈烈的918F-15型飞机都在清查1992年7月将开始超过其预期经济服务生活,直到2014年.